However, while local authorities were quick to act, swift restoration was promised, and local and international media extensively covered this incident, the provincial issues of Gilgit-Baltistan have been overlooked by mainstream politicians for decades. Italian rescue teams on . The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Tech Xplore in any form. Outbursts occur in many present-day glaciated regions, such as Iceland, Alaska, the Himalayas, and the Andes (Figure 1).Flood discharges typically exceed background rates by . The rising water behind the glacial dam weakened it until water burst through in a catastrophic flood that raced across Idaho, Oregon, and Washington toward the Pacific Ocean. During the event, ten residential houses were destroyed. "As temperatures rise, the calving of big ice cliffs and the collapsing of ice features in the Khumbu Icefall will accelerate, there's no doubt about that," he added, describing it as a "tumultuous piece of glacier.". The residents near Alaknanda and Dhauliganga rivers had to be evacuated several kilometers away. "The temperature in the month of April observed this year is almost similar to the normal temperature in May observed historically," he said. Once there is channel choking caused by the boulders through the moraine, there may be variation in the channel flowing of the river, thereby influencing the associated valleys and the regions. In January 2020, scientists said warm water was discovered underneath the Thwaites, which could speed up the melting of the 74,000-square-mile glacier located in West Antarctica. Scientists are still trying to figure out exactly what caused the glacier to break on Feb. 7. These melts result in one of the scariest disasters, GLACIER LAKE OUTBURST FLOODS (GLOFs). The glacial outburst flood also washed away the bridge which connected the two villages. Schaefer hypothesized that some kind of mechanism triggered a landslide and that the resulting water pressure eventually burst the dam, causing the mass to plunge down the "extremely steep" flank. Many of the lakes that existed in 1990 had drained by 2015, while many new lakes emerged in other areas. The Nation reported that the bridge's collapse disconnects key routes between Pakistan and China, as there is no alternate route for large vehicles. A glacier collapsed on the mountain of Marmolada, the highest in the Dolomites, after a record-high temperature of 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) at its summit. She possesses numerous research experiences working in water pollution, community forestry, environment conservation status, and wildlife ecology. The researchers also identified 118 proglacial lakes that pose a particularly high risk to people living downstream. The shrinking of the Himalayan glaciers, which contribute to local water resources, poses several challenges for neighboring societies, researchers say. The great cause behind this catastrophic bursting of the glacial lake is the continuous massive snowfall in the region. ISLAMABAD: A massive glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) occurred in Hunza district's Hassanabad village Saturday, sweeping away the Hassanabad bridge on the Karakoram Highway. The colossal cause of this event was the moraine collapse. The glacier continued to recede. As seen in the false-color Landsat images above, Cirenmacos size more than doubled between 1988 and 2015. When they retreated north about 10,000 years ago, glaciers left deposits of gravel that dammed streams and caused the depressions to become lakes. Lakes in the western Himalayas are generally more stable. By evening, the prospect of largescale flooding and . What will be affected at first? It is located in the west part of Sagarmatha National Park. After analyzing hundreds of satellite images, a research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) concluded that the number of Himalayan glacial lakes increased from 4,459 in 1990 to 4,950 in 2015, with a total area gain of 56 square kilometers, or 14 percent. A glacial lake burst, a cloud burst or an avalanche, the impact of climate change or "development" scientists are not sure what triggered the sudden surge of water near Chamoli in Uttarakhand Sunday morning that briefly raised fears of a repeat of the 2013 disaster in the state. A hanging glacier is a glacier that terminates at a cliff edge. On August 4, 1985, there was massive catastrophic drainage of the Dig-Tsho due to the ice avalanche. The instability and even the landslides in the region cause severe hamper destroying all the areas lives, natural beauty, and landscape. There was massive destruction of the extensive pastures and the forest lands. A glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is a release of meltwater from a moraine- or ice-dam glacial lake due to dam failure 1,2.GLOFs often result in catastrophic flooding downstream, with major geomorphic and socioeconomic impacts 3,4.. GLOFs have three main features: They involve sudden (and sometimes cyclic) releases of water. Rates of warming vary by region, but match the increases in total lake area. It took more than ten years to be in its original state to recuperate the fish population once destroyed. In contrast, rapid warming in the central Himalayasas well as more soot being deposited on icemay explain the rapid retreat of glaciers there. In this June 25, 2010, file photo, a receding glacier on in Sonamarg, Kashmir, India, is shown. The temperature in the month of April observed this year is almost similar to the normal temperature in May observed historically, he said. Response of downstream lakes to Aru glacier collapses on the western Tibetan Plateau, The Cryosphere (2021). Rising in the lake water and increment in the hydrostatic pressure caused the outflow discharge at an extensive rate and later increased the erosion with outlet widening. Muhammad further expressed concern at the rising temperature trend observed in South Asia this year. If we know which lakes pose the greatest risk, then authorities can take steps to develop early warning systems, drain specific high-risk lakes, and educate people on how to minimize their exposure to flash floods., Yongwei Sheng, a geography professor at UCLA and one of the study authors, added: While we have reported on widespread lake expansion across the Himalayas, region-specific driving mechanisms, lake-specific risk assessments, as well as future change prediction all deserve further investigation.. Floodwaters obliterated a dam before crashing into hydroelectric power plants . . 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This outbreak generates outbursts or better known as flash floods in that area. And the potential for another landslide is currently there, as a glacial lake is currently forming behind a landslide in the valley where the accident occurred, she added. Warming temperatures across the globe are changing landscapes and threatening local cities and communities. Glacial Lake Outburst Flood hit a gay village in Ladakh of India on August 6, 2014. Snow and Ice. Such a catastrophic event led to the damage of four larger bridges and one care of the agricultural land. The evolution of two moraine-dammed lakes . The research reveals that it is equivalent to around 1000 detached family houses. Land. The ongoing unprecedented heat wave melted ice on Shisper Glacier, creating a lake which flooded, wiping out the bridge and damaging nearby homes, buildings, and two power plants. Phys.org is a part of Science X network. Several fish species could not survive during a flood due to the muddy water, and they became graveyards within the flooded water. Bridge collapse in Pakistan due to glacier lake outburst flood. It had affected almost 10 kilometers of downstream valleys, and four people lost their lives. They are formed when a glacier erodes the land and then melts, filling the depression created by the glacier. The cause behind this critical event was the collapse of a moraine. Image of the Day "We know that temperatures are warming across the Himalayas. Cory Richards, a National Geographic photographer who has been climbing for 35 years, told ABC News that he's seen "massive observable shifts" in the deflation and disruption in glaciers around the world. The torrent flowed across the border into Nepal . Nonetheless, the timing of the incident was surprising. From promoting climate-friendly attitudes to ensuring prompt and holistic responses to glacial lake outburst-induced disasters, it is the governments responsibility to protect its most vulnerable communities. Considerable accumulation of the debris flow as a cause of flood would be visualized with ease. Press Esc to cancel. Sher Muhammad, a glaciologist at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development in Nepal stated that such incidents are expected to occur later in the summer, when extremely high temperatures are more common. The continuing unprecedented warmth wave melted ice on Shisper Glacier, making a lake which flooded, wiping out the bridge and damaging close by properties, buildings, and two energy crops. The collapse of the bridge shows that the warming produced by climate change is reaching even the highest mountains of the world. The collapse of the bridge shows that the warming produced by climate change is reaching even the highest mountains of the world. "So what that means for us as an industry is yet to be seen," he said. The large towers of ice (called seracs) found at the icefall are also known to collapse suddenly, making the Icefall one of the most dangerous stages of the South Col route to Everest's summit. If this increase in temperature continues in the summer season, he said, it can increase the chances of glacier surges, glacier lake outburst floods, riverine floods, and associated hazards., Latest Sentinel-2 image shows the sudden lake drainage in only 5 days pic.twitter.com/E3OUX4SRp1. The Dudh Koshi valley was filled with debris flow even after the two years mountain hazard mapping by the reconnaissance group from the United Nations University. In the past 20 years, glaciers in these regions have retreated and thinned rapidly as a response to regional climate warming, leading to the formation of new glacial lakes and the expansion of . The Himalayan glacier collapse unleashed a disastrous flood of water and debris in a valley in northern India. ", 24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events. All these Glacial Lakes Outburst Flood was the crucial cause of the ice avalanches, moraine dam, increment in the lake water level as a cause of heatwave increase. With global reach of over 5 million monthly readers and featuring dedicated websites for hard sciences, technology, smedical research and health news, The Gilgit-Baltistan tourist police . Although Muhammad and his colleagues have done important work in detecting similar hazardous incidents in order to warn nearby communities in time, but the short distance between the lake and the village in this case would have made it difficult for an early warning system to be effective. Duration: 00:28 5/12/2022. Roughly 3.15 ha of the artificial grassland was destroyed, entailing the forage lands. Dozens dead and many missing after glacier collapse in India 01:52. . Nonetheless, the timing of the incident was surprising. Since the dam failed immediately, it threatened to hamper 80 families residing nearby the area. 2022-07-07. It had affected several sectors such as water mills, pasture lands, bridges, paddy fields, and much more. Kalpana Ghimire is an avid traveler, an enthusiastic wildlife researcher, and has a huge passion for working in the environment sector. Most surprisingly, there was an erratic flood channel, and when the flood reached downstream, the flood channel became more uniform. At first glance, "it was a climate event . It had affected the almost completed Namche Small Hydropower Plant, thereby causing a loss of US$ 1.5 million. A bridge in northern Pakistan collapsed after a dam burst that was holding back a glacial lake, as the glacier melted during a heat wave. Although major outbursts in the Shisper Lake are not uncommon, this outburst caused exceptional damage. Muhammad indicated that similar incidents are expected in the next couple of months, especially if Pakistan receives anomalous monsoon precipitation. Expanding lakes mean greater risks for the people living in valleys downstream. Integrated hazard assessment of Cirenmaco glacial lake in Zhangzangbo valley, Central Himalayas. Although Muhammad and his colleagues have done important work in detecting similar hazardous incidents in order to warn nearby communities in time, but the short distance between the lake and the village in this case would have made it difficult for an early warning system to be effective. The huge cause of this flood was the occurrence of a debris landslide from a steep lateral moraine. Over a dozen houses, a community center, among properties worth tens of millions lost in #Hasanabad village of #Hunza, within a matter of hours. The pair of Landsat images below show the surface of the glacier in 1985 and 2015. In the space of just 48 . This occasion is the most recent in a collection of damaging occasions, generally known as glacier lake outburst floods, on this area. These irrigation channels resulted in drought in Borit village in 2008 after massive glacier lake outbursts hit the Ghulkin village. High-risk areas for glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) disasters in China are mainly concentrated in the middle-eastern Himalayas and Nyainqntanglha (Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains), Tibetan Plateau. As air temperatures have risen in the past half-century, glaciers have melted and retreated in these mountains. A global assessment of the societal impacts of glacier outburst floods. (Last Updated on May 1, 2022 by Sadrish Dabadi). The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region being seismically active and sensitive to climate change is prone to glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF). The rapid water inflow caused Nare lake to destroy its end-moraine dam and discharge in the Imja river. Specifically, there is a greater risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs)a type of flash flood that occurs when ice or sediment dams collapse beneath glacial lakes. Since there was a rockfall in 2005, the residents depicted that there might be an increase in the debris accumulation mainly in the coming years. Water, Image of the Day Various erosion and sedimentation disasters have been induced by glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) occurring along various segments of rivers in the Nepal and Bhutan Himalayas. As the supraglacial ponds were interconnected through a subglacial conduit, the . No person was available to warn the downstream valley; thus, Punakha suffered massive catastrophic damages. Glacial Lake Missoula formed as the Cordilleran Ice Sheet dammed the Clark Fork River just as it entered Idaho. Earth Institute at Columbia University. Conversion of the grazing land to debris accumulation, hillslope erosion may be frequent once such an event is likely to happen once and again. annually to take part in commercial boat tours and every two to four years thousands visit the Argentino glacial lake in Argentina to witness the collapse of the . It may be due to the climate change-induced effects in the glacier lake. This story is republished courtesy of Earth Institute, Columbia University http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu. As South Asia descends into an extreme summer, it is important to analyze the implications of severe climate change in the region and to urge immediate local and international action in the face of the climate crisis. MM News Staff. Traceable erosion of the terminus along with piping erosion of the supraglacial lake led to the rapid collapse of both sides of the glacier. What happens when we do not take any actions regarding warming? Glacial lake outbursts, or jkulhlaups, are very high-magnitude floods caused by the sudden drainage of water from a glacial lake. pic.twitter.com/Jts2pmO03a. It can also occur because of the huge displacement of water in a glacial lake because of collapse of . Ice draining from . Kalpana Ghimire holds a post-graduate degree in Environmental Science from Nepal. Marcus Nuesser, a geographer at the University of Heidelberg, told GlacierHub that another outburst from this dammed lake had to be expected sooner or later. He explained that the construction of the Hassanabad bridge did not cause the disaster, but rather that the position of the bridge exposed it to glacier lake outburst floods. Although most glacial lakes typically form in May, rapid snowmelt precipitated the early formation of the glacial lake responsible for the flood. Another type of glacial event that can occur as temperatures warm is the potential for the ice masses to drape across varied topography, including steep landscapes that result in hanging glaciers that are especially prone to breaking off and causing ice avalanches, Rupper added. The collapse of the bridge caused heavy traffic jams across the area, leading the tourist board of the province Gilgit-Baltistan to provide alternative routes through neighboring cities. Around 1 km of the trail was damaged resulting from the flash flood. The Himalayan glaciers are retreating "very homogeneously and accelerating their retreat," Schaefer said, adding that the "single culprit" is warming temperatures. At first, a glacial lake outburst was blamed. Glaciers across the Himalayas have experienced significant ice loss over the past 40 years, with the average rate of ice loss doubling in the 21st century compared to the end of the 20th century, according to a study published in Science Advances in 2019, which Rupper and Schaefer co-authored. The regional National Highway Authority promised to repair and restore the bridge promptly. Everest base camp. More information: Yanbin Lei et al. Most troublingly, it caused severe damage in the main trekking route of the Mt. "But that's not to say that it is safe or smart. Democratic Underground is an online community where politically liberal people can do their part Connection Between World Wars (I and II) and the Environmental Issues? Bridge in Pakistan collapses after glacial lake outburst. In turn, the moraine dam failed, and there occurred the increment in the lake depth causing the Lugge Tsho Outburst Flood. The glacier also forms the Ambulapcha Tsho Glacial Lake. As global temperatures increase further, projections show that Pakistan could warm 6.3F (3.5C) by 2100. Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your request, Optional (only if you want to be contacted back). Ghulkin Glacier Lake was an outburst in Karakoram, Pakistan, in the year 2008. It stands at the base of Amaciren Glacier in the Zhangzangbo Valley of Nepal, and it was the scene of outburst floods in 1964 and 1981. Similarly, a hanging lake Gil_gl 595 in upper reaches of Dahimal can create an outburst flood hazard in case of any extreme rainfall/surging of its source glacier of hanging nature. Lake Iroquois formed in the basin of today's Lake Ontario; it was bounded by ice to the northeast and drained through New York state's Mohawk River. Globally, multiple events concerning the Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) have occurred so far, as described in brief. It almost has. Image of the Day A rapidly growing moraine-dammed glacial lake on Ngozumpa Glacier, Nepal. NASA Earth Observatory images by Jesse Allen, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Extraordinary record-high temperatures in Pakistan triggered the collapse of the Hassanabad Bridge along the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley. The south Asian monsoon-associated torrential rainfall was estimated to trigger such a devastating event in Tibet of China. And later, the flood moved towards the Dudh Koshi. These natural dams or glacial lakes can overflow or be punctured/breached, leading to flooding downstream. Glacial lakes form on, in, under, or in front of glaciers and are inherently unstable. For now, the immediate threat of such an incident, with future incidents expected, calls into concern the lack of early warning signals and disaster preparedness services in the Hunza Valley, which is prone to glacier lake outburst flood disasters. Such hazards will continue to threaten communities living near the glaciers and along the rivers in the mountains and downstream. The damaged Dhauliganga hydro power project in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India, is shown on Feb. 9, 2021. Get to know this 10.5-mile out-and-back trail near Lake Louise, Alberta. For mountaineers who spend their lives dreaming of climbing the Himalayas and other sought-after destinations around the world, climate change means they may not get there in time. The full extent of damage to the cross-border trade is yet to be determined, but is expected to be significant. and Terms of Use. It has always been an issue of public concern. The impacts, as mentioned earlier, have created severe influences in the farmland, forest, grasslands, and physical infrastructures such as roads and bridges. Nanda Devi Glacier Lake Outburst Flood, Uttarakhand, India, 6. One rapidly expanding proglacial lake, Cirenmaco, highlights the risks. Partly damaging occurred in the two watermills. The heavy destruction of the dam and the glacial lake outburst impacted the channel across the lake. Huge chunks of ice (sometimes measuring more than 100 meters / 300 ft. in he. Over 2 m depth of the flood in the village has devastating impacts basically in the motorable concrete bridge. This Feb. 6, 2021, satellite image released by Planet Labs, Inc., shows Uttarakhand, India, before part of a Himalayan glacier broke off. He said the glaciers were melting at a faster pace mainly due to heatwave, adding, "in the past 20 days, there has been 40 percent increase in the Shisper glacier lake area due to expedited glacier melting after heatwave impacts gripped the Northern Areas as mostly glacial lakes are formed in May but it got developed one month ahead in April . However, no casualty or other property damage was reported. Lakes can form in-front of glaciers and ice sheets (proglacial lakes), on top of the ice (supraglacial lakes . About 15,000 years ago, in the waning millennia of the Ice Age, a vast lake known as Glacial Lake Missoula suddenly burst through the ice dam that plugged it at one end. Glacial lake definition: Glacial means relating to or produced by glaciers or ice . In a U-shaped valley formed by past glaciation, a GLOF occurs as a debris flow from breached moraines. Image of the Day Rescue mission after glacier bursts India dam. (The . The Lugge Tsho Glacial Lake Outburst Flood occurred at night. Hokkaido University researchers have now uncovered the event and analyzed . The impact of climate change on glacial melting and natural disasters is not a new phenomenon. While proglacial lakes generally grew steadily each year, the lakes emerging on top of the glaciers were small, short-lived, and fast-changing. The flood entirely damaged the channel constriction with several pillars. 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