I need it for a project as soon as possible and I am not that familiar with the software comsol. 1.1.1 Definition. Magnetohydrodynamics definition: the study of the behaviour of conducting fluids , such as liquid metals or plasmas, in. COMSOL is strengthening its multiphysics simulation platform with new capabilities for product development and innovation anchored in the laws of science. \mathbf{J} = \sigma \left( \nabla V + \mathbf{v \times B}\right), \nabla \times \left( \mu_0^{-1} \mu_r^{-1} \mathbf{B} \right) = \mathbf{J}, \nabla \times \left( \mu_0^{-1} \mu_r^{-1} \mathbf{(B+B_r)} \right) = \mathbf{0}. Most of the comparisons have demonstrated good qualitative and often quantitative match with the available experimental, analytical and numerical data. The post by Youcef Attou is very insightful and it can save a lot of time for those who want to do MHD using COMSOL. Examples of such magnetofluids include plasmas, liquid metals, salt water, and electrolytes. For this problem, we need to solve a system of partial differential equations within the fluid to describe the electric and magnetic fields. Magnetohydrodynamics. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a promising technology for electric bulk power generation. Recently, COMSOL Multiphysics has been used as a numerical tool for simulating the magnetohydrodynamic flow of Pb-Li in a pipe under various Hartmann numbers. The lack of moving parts and the pumped liquid being kept in a hermetically closed system are clear advantages. An additional simplification can be made. Sir Edmund Halley (1656-1742), the namesake for Halley's . MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS - In 1663, Rev. Using the commercial software COMSOL (based on the finite elements method), we solved the magnetic flux conservation for a single magnet, two magnets, and for the total magnetic circuit (two magnets and the magnetic bridge). What weve built up to this point is a model involving magnetic fields, electric currents, and fluid flow, and we have considered bidirectional couplings between all physics equations. listed if standards is not an option). You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version Takatsuki in Osaka Prefecture Ja.svg. A new interface enables the analysis of battery packs with several hundred cells. The Magnetic Fields, No Currents and the Electric Currents interface equations can be solved separately and both must be solved prior to the Laminar Flow interface equations. Application ID: 74511. Results showing a fluid pumping due to the MHD multiphysics couplings. However, there are many computational challenges associated with MHD flows under the harsh fusion environmental conditions that require such codes to be carefully examined in a special range of flow parameters and geometries. The magnetic and electric fields are both described using second-order discretization. The combination of COMSOL products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. Furthermore, this example may also be defined and modeled using components from the following product combinations: The combination of COMSOL products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. Particular functionality may be common to several products. Furthermore, this example may also be defined and modeled using components from the following product combinations: The combination of COMSOL products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. hey,can you please help me with the tutorial. Magnetohydrodynamics Pump. My boundary conditions are V=V0*e_theta (azimuth) resulting in a rotating wall and B=0 (kind of a no-slip condition). COMSOL has announced the release of the latest version of its modeling and simulation software, COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.1. Models in which plasma is treated as a perfectly conducting fluid (ideal MHD) are the most successful models for describing the equilibrium and large-scale stability properties of magnetized plasmas. a plasma or some other collection of charged particles, in a magnetic field.The collective motion of the particles gives rise to an electric field that interacts with the magnetic field and causes the plasma motion to alter. In addition, two circular magnets are placed above and below. - Magnetohydrodynamics simulation with a library of liquid metals - Flowmeter analysis that includes coupled piezoelectric, structural, acoustics . The word "magnetohydrodynamics" is derived from magneto- meaning magnetic field, hydro- meaning water, and . magnetohydrodynamics (mag-nee-toh-h-droh-d-nam -iks) (MHD) The study of the behavior of electrically conducting fluids, i.e. How the new interface for magnetohydrodynamics can be used to model flow in molten metals, ferromagnetic fluids, and plasmas subjected to electromagnetic . Thus, we will switch the discretization of the fluid flow to a P2+P2 discretization, meaning that both velocity and pressure are described with second-order base functions. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version Lets look at how to do this in the context of a relatively simple-looking problem, as sketched above, of an incompressible conductive fluid within an insulative rectangular channel that connects two infinite reservoirs (not modeled) of equal hydrostatic pressure. The word magnetohydrodynamic is derived from magneto- meaning magnetic field, hydro- meaning liquid, and . Magnetohydrodynamics simulation with a library of liquid metals Flowmeter analysis that includes coupled piezoelectric, structural, acoustics, and fluid flow effects Simulation of acoustic streaming applications where ultrasound induces fluid motion Analysis of fuel cell performance that includes effects of fuel impurities Initially, MHD was often known as hydromagnetics, but . The Open Boundary condition is applied at either end of the channel, with a gauge pressure of zero. As this multiphysics problem is inherently nonlinear, it is also generally helpful to be aware of the issues that might arise when solving such problems and how to address them, as discussed in this Knowledge Base entry on improving the convergence of nonlinear stationary models. listed if standards is not an option). Flux Tubes Example 3. Other. Particular functionality may be common to several products. Every aspect of the software's simulation environmentfrom the ability to perform multiphysics analyses to the functionality for creating appsdelivers feature additions and . Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) studies the interaction between the flow of an electrically conducting fluid and magnetic fields. Induction Equation Example 5. We explain the principles behind magnetohydrodynamics or MHD. An MHD problem of a conductive fluid in a channel between two magnets with applied current. Thus, we can make the simplifying assumption that the magnetic field arises solely due to the magnets; that is, the currents do not produce a significant magnetic field. n. The study of the interaction of magnetic fields and electrically conducting liquids or gases, such as molten metal or plasma. Among the commercially available CFD tools, COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite-element solver, is one of the possible candidates to be used as a design and analysis tool in fusion cooling applications. Magnetohydrodynamics. Simulation of acoustically driven flows is made possible by a new . This is a great tutorial! KEYWORDS COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.1. If you want to download the example model presented, it is available by clicking the button below. These two models show how to set up a magnetohydrodynamics model using either a fully coupled approach, or a one-way coupled approach. The Magnetic Fields, No Currents interface defines the equation \nabla \cdot \left( \mu_0 \mu_r \mathbf{H + B_r} \right) = 0, which is much less computationally expensive than the set of equations defined in the Magnetic and Electric Fields interface. ), new ones containing electromagnetic variables: A = / a is the Alfven number where a = B/ is the Alfven velocity; Re m = L is the magnetic Reynolds number; K = E/B is the parameter . However, if we assume that the former term is much larger than the latter (that is, \nabla V \gg \mathbf{v \times B}), then we simplify the current equation to: \mathbf{J} = \sigma \left( \nabla V \right) . Resistive-MHD models, in which the plasma is treated as having finite . Introduction; 2. Sometimes this can be achieved simply by using built-in features of the software, but in other cases, the user will need to do a little bit of extra work. Part I. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) studies the interaction between the flow of an electrically conducting fluid and magnetic fields. We will assume that the system operates at steady state. Liquid lithium displays increasing promise as a replacement for solid plasma facing components (PFCs) in fusion device applications. The computational domains and boundary conditions. The modeling of MHD phenomena is intrinsically a multiphysics problem; one must . " " . This consent may be withdrawn. It solves coupled 3D incompressible Navier . First, fully developed laminar MHD flows were computed and the results compared with the analytical Shercliff and Hunt solutions at high Hartmann numbers up to 15,000 for electrically conducting and insulating ducts. A more detailed description of these models can be seen in the blog post "Building a Magnetohydrodynamic Multiphysics Model in COMSOL". Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is the marriage of hydrodynamics to electromagnetism. As a consequence, we can solve for the magnetic fields under the assumption of no currents and solve for the electric currents separately using the Magnetic Fields, No Currents and Electric Currents interfaces, respectively. This type of thruster generates magnetic fields by passing an electric current through a liquid conductor, such as sea water. Hello Trevor, The COMSOL Multiphysics software is built from the ground up to be multiphysics capable so that the user can easily combine models representing different physics phenomena in whichever way they wish. These two models show how to set up a magnetohydrodynamics model using either a fully coupled approach, or a one-way coupled approach. It involves such diverse topics as the evolution and dynamics of astrophysical objects, thermonuclear fusion, metallurgy and semiconductor crystal growth, etc. It is the unification of two fields that were completely independent in the 19th, and first half of the 20th, century, namely, electromagnetism and fluid mechanics. That is why advanced CFD takes time. The computational domain is shown in the image below. Magnetohydrodynamics simulation with a library of liquid metals Flowmeter analysis that includes coupled piezoelectric, structural, acoustics, and fluid flow effects Simulation of acoustic streaming applications where ultrasound induces fluid motion Analysis of fuel cell performance that includes effects of fuel impurities Since all fields are discretized to at least second order, the geometry shape order will thus automatically also be second order. Building a Magnetohydrodynamic Multiphysics Model in COMSOL. The MHD model; 5. The word magnetohydrodynamics is comprised of the words magneto- meaning magnetic, hydro- meaning water (or liquid) and - dynamics referring to the movement of an object by forces. Several commercial CFD companies have recently extended their codes to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. In all seriousness, though, MHD is basically just Euler's equations for fluid flow generalised to a highly conductive fluid where Maxwell's equations also apply. The principle of operation is equivalent to a linear three phase induction motor. These two models show how to set up a magnetohydrodynamics model using either a fully coupled approach, or a one-way coupled approach. COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.1 introduces new functionality for detached eddy simulation, thermal analysis of satellites, winding layouts for electric motors, and robust mechanical contact. . magnetohydrodynamics synonyms, magnetohydrodynamics pronunciation, magnetohydrodynamics translation, English dictionary definition of magnetohydrodynamics. Title: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS 1 MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS (Bozeman, July, 2005) Eric Priest 2 (No Transcript) 3 Check Google for eric priest 4 CONTENTS 1. These different fields are all described by partial differential equations, which can be solved for via the finite element method. The magnetic field boundary conditions everywhere are the Magnetic Insulation condition, except for on the xy-plane, where the Perfect Magnetic Conductor condition is used to exploit the symmetry of the system. This model shows how to simulate a . Lets look at such a workflow in the context of building a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. listed if standards is not an option). of rate constant , C is the concentration of the fluid, D m is the coefficient of mass diffusivity, T m is the mean temperature and K T is the thermal diffusion ratio . This section gives a brief review relevant for liquid metals. A pressure point constraint is needed at the outlet. \mathbf{J} = \sigma \left( \mathbf{v \times B}\right), \mathbf{J} = \sigma \left( \nabla V \right), \nabla \cdot \left( \mu_0 \mu_r \mathbf{H + B_r} \right) = 0, a Knowledge Base entry on implementing user-defined multiphysics couplings, rules of thumb for linear static problems, complete investigation of alternative mesh orders and mesh size, this Knowledge Base entry on improving the convergence of nonlinear stationary models, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics. These built-in expressions are used to define the volume force on the fluid, as shown in the screenshot below. Using another magnetic field, the liquid can be . Then, we set up several demonstrations. See all related content magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), also called magnetofluid mechanics, or hydromagnetics, the description of the behaviour of a plasma ( q.v. In this article, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD or Lorentz force is studied. I dont know exactly how to create the gemoetrical shapes nor am I able to deal with the equations needed. 2. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to evaluate the coupled electric and space charge fields, velocity field, and particle volume fraction distribution and trajectories. My initial conditions are such that I have V=V0*e_theta (azimuth) and a magnetic field described by a gaussian function B=B0*e_z (with B0=e^(-r^2/d^2) where d=1) on the inlet. I have been running the tutorials varying the magnitude of Br. There is the equation \mathbf{F = J \times B} that imposes a force on the fluid due to the current and magnetic field, and there is the equation for the total current in the fluid \mathbf{J} = \sigma \left( \nabla V + \mathbf{v \times B}\right). The combination of COMSOL products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. Starting from elementary chapters on fluid mechanics and electromagnetism, it takes the reader all the way through to the latest ideas in . The COMSOL Sales and Support teams are available for answering any questions you may have regarding this. Induction pumps are used in high temperature cooling systems. To determine the right combination of products for your modeling needs, review the Specification Chart and make use of a free evaluation license. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (magnetofluiddynamics or hydromagnetics) is the academic discipline which studies the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids.Examples of such fluids include plasmas, liquid metals, and salt water.The word magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is derived from magneto-meaning magnetic field, and hydro-meaning liquid, and -dynamics meaning movement. We can see from the results shown above that the solutions are almost identical to the previous, unsimplified case. COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.1 brings new features and tutorial models to the AC/DC Module. Lastly, to couple the computed velocity field back to the electromagnetic problem, use the Velocity (Lorentz Term) feature within the Magnetic and Electric Fields interface, as shown in the screenshot below. I found that COMSOL is very useful for such studies. Furthermore, this example may also be defined and modeled using components from the following product combinations: The combination of COMSOL products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. The fundamental principle of magnetohydrodynamics is that magnetic fields can induce the electric current in a dynamic conducting field which in turn polarizes the fluid and as a result of the polarization in turn it will also change the magnetic field. Particular functionality may be common to several products. The expression for this force is not built into the software, so here we will need to do a little bit of manual work. I was wondering if the simulation of a liquid metal flow with no externally-applied currents would require the inclusion of a ground and a terminal. Magnetohydrodynamics in Tokamak Reactors and its Effect on Plasma Density Morelli, Franco ( 2011-12-01 ) The world's energy consumption is at a crossroads. The open boundary condition should be sufficient. Screenshot showing the setup of the simplified model. This model example illustrates applications of this type that would nominally be built using the following products: however, additional products may be required to completely define and model it. Flow problem in which the magnetic and electric fields interface Multiphysics problem ; one must - )! 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