[60][61] Among dietary factors, data suggest that gliadin (a protein present in gluten) may play a role in the development of type 1 diabetes, but the mechanism is not fully understood. There is a consistent association of Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract syndromes. Debate over whether health insurance companies (e.g. Yet as cities grow in these warmer regions of North America, they are increasingly forced to deal with the major issue of water shortages. Whilst the Coase Theorem remains largely theoretical, there are some real life examples of Coasean bargaining. Examples of density independent factors include environmentally stressful events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions, as well as sudden climate changes such as drought or flood, and destructive occurrences, such as the input of extreme environmental pollutants. This is because it softens the controversy and therefore, reduces overall spending in litigation. [36] Practical fields directly related to the human activities involving production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services as a whole are business,[37] engineering,[38] government,[39] and health care. [10] The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human history; almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way. Integration of Central American economies occurred under the signing of the Central American Common Market agreement in 1961; this was the first attempt to engage the nations of this area into stronger financial cooperation. Cattle trample a farmer's fields; a building blocks sunlight to a neighbor's swimming pool; a confectioner disturbs a dentist's patients etc. It is a key geographical term. [28] Average medical expenditures among people with diabetes are about 2.3 times higher. Biologydictionary.net, December 15, 2016. https://biologydictionary.net/limiting-factor/. [149] The U.S. economy is also the fastest growing economy in North America and the Americas as a whole,[151][148] with the highest GDP per capita in the Americas as well. How can the involved parties determine which factories may have contributed the pollution that specifically harmed the fish, or whether there were any natural factors that interfered in the process. {\displaystyle P} [85] The oldest petroglyphs in North America date from 15,000 to 10,000 years before present. 231 pages., page 13, citing Berger (1980), Donor insemination Edited by C.L.R. If a cause of action exists and the damage equals $50 while the cost of a wall is $100, the wall will not exist. [24], As of 2019[update], an estimated 463million people had diabetes worldwide (8.8% of the adult population), with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of the cases. [117][118], Most medications used to treat diabetes act by lowering blood sugar levels through different mechanisms. Results of one study investigating a cohort of 315 men revealed changes within the hinge region of SF-1 and no rare allelic variants in fertile control men. [25] Trends suggest that rates will continue to rise. Next in size are Los Angeles, Toronto,[137] Chicago, Havana, Santo Domingo, and Montreal. Approximately 9.4% of diabetes-related ER visits were for the uninsured. [2] Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death. [99] Indigenous culture changed significantly and their affiliation with political and cultural groups also changed. [6] The Shekel are the first to refer to a unit of weight and currency, used by the Semitic peoples. However, in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Central America, there are indigenous populations continuing their cultural traditions and speaking native languages. [122][123], Weight loss surgery in those with obesity and type 2 diabetes is often an effective measure. [18] A gig economy is one in which short-term jobs are assigned or chosen on-demand. This 'theorem' is commonly attributed to Nobel Prize laureate Ronald Coase. Owner B pays Owner A the gains it makes from causing the runoff. Lee, Timothy. "The Coase Theorem is widely cited in economics. The influence of the nobles decreased. The agronomic optimum PLANT POPULATION for this group of trials was 31,800 plants per acre at harvest with an average yield of 194 bushels per acre. The main reasons for fertility tourism are legal regulation of the sought procedure in the home country, or lower price. Each plant needs a specifically balanced ratio of these nutrients in order to survive. While most critics find fault with the applicability of the Coase Theorem, a critique of the theorem itself can be found in the work of the critical legal scholar Duncan Kennedy, who argues that the initial allocation always matters in reality. [124] When insulin is used in type2 diabetes, a long-acting formulation is usually added initially, while continuing oral medications. Biologydictionary.net Editors. [112], People with diabetes can benefit from education about the disease and treatment, dietary changes, and exercise, with the goal of keeping both short-term and long-term blood glucose levels within acceptable bounds. If. The highest peak is Denali in Alaska. The availability of host species, which the Cordyceps fungus can parasitize, is a limiting factor for the fungus. The primary complications of diabetes due to damage in small blood vessels include damage to the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Mexico and Central America are part of Latin America and are culturally distinct from anglophone and francophone North America. WebDefinition of Marketing Research: Marketing research is the systematic collection and analysis of data relating to sale and distribution of financial products and services. The efficient solution will be the same, regardless of who gets the initial property rights. Risks to the baby include macrosomia (high birth weight), congenital heart and central nervous system abnormalities, and skeletal muscle malformations. Economic transactions occur when two groups or parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, commonly expressed in a certain currency. As well as light, growth of plants is limited by the availability of the nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S). Spermatogonial stem cells transplant: it takes places in the seminiferous tubule. If the populations become separated indefinitely, this can lead to speciation. These include smoking, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome obesity, and lack of regular exercise. The nearest landmass to it is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. [65] The Rockies and other western mountain ranges began forming around this time from a period of mountain building called the Laramide orogeny, between 80 and 55 million years ago. 50% are female causes with 25% being due to. 144 (2): 245266. Thaler has also provided experimental evidence for the argument that initial allocations matter, put forth by Duncan Kennedy (as previously noted), among others. [46] Excess body fat is associated with 30% of cases in people of Chinese and Japanese descent, 6080% of cases in those of European and African descent, and 100% of Pima Indians and Pacific Islanders. Patients with one treatment failure had significantly higher levels of anxiety, and patients with two failures experienced more depression when compared with those without a history of treatment. This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. Partners may become more anxious to conceive, increasing sexual dysfunction. Some early studies concluded that infertile women did not report any significant differences in symptoms of anxiety and depression than fertile women. [33][34][35][36][37], The term Northern America refers to the northernmost countries and territories of North America: the United States, Bermuda, St. Pierre and Miquelon, Canada, and Greenland. kidney failure), which often lead to premature death and are often listed as the underlying cause on death certificates rather than diabetes. Another major cause of infertility in women may be the inability to ovulate. [86] Insulin plays a critical role in regulating glucose levels in the body. P Once Spaniards conquered the high civilization of the Aztecs and Incas, the Caribbean was a backwater of the Spanish empire. WebRadon has no stable isotopes.Thirty-nine radioactive isotopes have been characterized, with atomic masses ranging from 193 to 231. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy adult, except notably among certain eusocial species (mostly haplodiploid insects). WebPassword requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; The first recorded Europeans to visit North America (other than Greenland) were the Norse around 1000 AD. Women over the age of 35 should see their physician or WHNP after six months as fertility tests can take some time to complete, and age may affect the treatment options that are open in that case. There are multiple causes for male infertility. Cir. A food source B. Intraspecific competition C. A volcanic eruption D. Light, 2. Researchers have also shown that despite a good prognosis and having the finances available to pay for treatment, discontinuation is most often due to psychological reasons. Lewis and Clark, Fremont and Wilkes) were reaching the Pacific at various latitudes around the turn of the century. ", "Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation into rhesus testes regenerates spermatogenesis producing functional sperm", "Female germline stem cells: aging and anti-aging", "ABC of subfertility: extent of the problem", "Heartache of infertility shared on stage, screen", "Biomedical infertility care in sub-Saharan Africa: a social science-- review of current practices, experiences and view points", "Infertility and impaired fecundity in the United States, 1982-2010: data from the National Survey of Family Growth", Fertility: Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems, GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on CATSPER-Related Male Infertility, Facing Life Without Children When It Isn't by Choice, Reproductive endocrinology and infertility, Birth control movement in the United States, Timeline of reproductive rights legislation, Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infertility&oldid=1114659634, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Common in females: annouvulation, blocked fallopian tube, hormonal imbalance, a woman under 35 has not conceived after 12 months of contraceptive-free intercourse. [5][6] In fact, 95% of the world's population is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. It is usually expressed in terms of plants per acre or plants per linear foot of row. Most couples (about 84%) who have regular sexual intercourse (that is, every two to three days) and who do not use contraception get pregnant within a year. In Europe wild capitalism started to replace the system of mercantilism (today: protectionism) and led to economic growth. The southernmost portion of the continent and much of the West Indies lie on the Caribbean Plate, whereas the Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates border the North American Plate on its western frontier. [149] In 2016, the U.S. had an estimated per capita gross domestic product (PPP) of $57,466 according to the World Bank, and is the most technologically developed economy of the three. [117] Healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, low-carbohydrate diet, or DASH diet, are often recommended, although evidence does not support one over the others. [97], There is no known preventive measure for type1 diabetes. North America's largest countries by land area, Canada and the United States, also have well-defined and recognized regions. Which of these limiting factors would be density independent? Many more couples, however, experience involuntary childlessness for at least one year: estimates range from 12% to 28%. Sudbury is an exception to the normal process of forming minerals in the Shield since there is significant evidence that the Sudbury Basin is an ancient meteorite impact crater. Rather, they are due to fundamental theoretical requirements of Coase's theorem (necessary conditions) that are typically grossly misunderstood, and that when not present systematically eliminate the ability of Coaseian approaches to obtain efficient outcomeslocking in inefficient ones. In the UK, previous NICE guidelines defined infertility as failure to conceive after regular unprotected sexual intercourse for two years in the absence of known reproductive pathology. An expedition under the command of Spanish settler, Hernn Corts, sailed westward in 1519 to what turned out to be the mainland in Mexico. Anglophone education in Quebec has been increasingly undermined.[169]. In Detroit-Windsor the Border Transportation Partnership study in 2004 concluded US$13 billion was dependent on the DetroitWindsor international border crossing while in San Diego-Tijuana freight at the Otay Mesa Port of Entry was valued at US$20 billion. [54][55][56] North America is the third-largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa. [67] Eating white rice excessively may increase the risk of diabetes, especially in Chinese and Japanese people. Treatment depends on the cause of infertility, but may include counselling, fertility treatments, which include in vitro fertilization. The Aztecs were conquered in 1521 by Hernn Corts.[98]. Two of the most prominent examples are temperature and precipitation; these are widely affected by the climate, and seasonal changes within the climate. [142][143], North America has also been witness to the growth of megapolitan areas. [91], The first recorded European references to North America are in Norse sagas where it is referred to as Vinland. An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. There is broad consensus that when people with diabetes maintain tight glucose control keeping the glucose levels in their blood within normal ranges they experience fewer complications, such as kidney problems or eye problems. [149] The increase in rates in developing countries follows the trend of urbanization and lifestyle changes, including increasingly sedentary lifestyles, less physically demanding work and the global nutrition transition, marked by increased intake of foods that are high energy-dense but nutrient-poor (often high in sugar and saturated fats, sometimes referred to as the "Western-style" diet). Many countries have special frameworks for dealing with the ethical and social issues around fertility treatment. Also Christianity is the predominant religion in the Caribbean (85%). Factors contributing to the formation of antisperm antibodies in women are disturbance of normal immunoregulatory mechanisms, infection, violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes, rape and unprotected oral or anal sex. [165], Diabetes mellitus is also occasionally known as "sugar diabetes" to differentiate it from diabetes insipidus. [115][116] No single dietary pattern is best for all people with diabetes. [107] In the United States and Canada, there are approximately 150 surviving indigenous languages of the 300 spoken prior to European contact. If the sperm is of good quality and the mechanics of the woman's reproductive structures are good (patent fallopian tubes, no adhesions or scarring), a course of ovulation induction may be used. WebMendelian inheritance (Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance that follows the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and popularized by William Bateson. The Jones family plants pear trees on their property which is adjacent to the Smith family. [75] However, after pregnancy approximately 510% of women with gestational diabetes are found to have another form of diabetes, most commonly type 2. [8] This is because psychological studies indicate that asking prices often exceed offer prices, due to the so-called endowment effect. Robson, Alexander; Skaperdas, Stergios (2005). Even though B cannot win the lawsuit, he or she will pay A $50 to build the wall because the wall is less costly than the damages from the runoff. The first recorded instance of people travelling for medical treatment dates back thousands of years to when Greek pilgrims traveled from the eastern Mediterranean to a small area in the Saronic Gulf called Epidauria. Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day, June 24, is the national holiday of Quebec and celebrated by francophone Canadians throughout Canada. Statisticians attempt to collect samples that are representative of the population in question. Lost blood volume is replaced osmotically from water in body cells and other body compartments, causing dehydration and increased thirst (polydipsia). These nations also take part in inter-continental trade blocs. However, they share with the United States the establishment of post-independence governments that are federated representative republics with written constitutions dating from their founding as nations. Fertility in children before the ages of eight or nine is considered a disease known as precocious puberty. [145][146], The WHO estimates that diabetes resulted in 1.5million deaths in 2012, making it the 8th leading cause of death. Greenland, a self-governing Danish island, and the world's largest, is on the same tectonic plate (the North American Plate) and is part of North America geographically. ", "Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a meta-analysis", "Chlamydia trachomatis and Genital Mycoplasmas: Pathogens with an Impact on Human Reproductive Health", "Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1, NR5A1) and human disease", "Smoking and reproduction: gene damage to human gametes and embryos", "Xenobiotic effects on ovarian preantral follicles", "The role of sperm oxidative stress in male infertility and the significance of oral antioxidant therapy", "Impact of DNA damage on the frequency of sperm chromosomal aneuploidy in normal and subfertile men", "Sperm DNA integrity assays: diagnostic and prognostic challenges and implications in management of infertility", "Fertility issues in women with diabetes", "Celiac disease and reproductive disorders: meta-analysis of epidemiologic associations and potential pathogenic mechanisms", "Risk of infertility in patients with celiac disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies", "Significance of (sub)clinical thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity before conception and in early pregnancy: a systematic review", "Exposure to environmental toxins in males seeking infertility treatment: a case-controlled study", "Regulated fertility services: a commissioning aid", "Common virus linked to male infertility - 26 October 2001", "Infertility & STDs - STD Information from CDC", "Lifestyle factors and reproductive health: taking control of your fertility", Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, "Should obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome receive treatment for infertility? [124] Several other groups of drugs, mostly given by mouth, may also decrease blood sugar in type 2 diabetes. North America's GDP per capita was evaluated in October 2016 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to be $41,830, making it the richest continent in the world,[148] followed by Oceania. ISSN 1468-0335. The United States Geographical Survey (USGS) states that the geographic center of North America is "6 miles [10 km] west of Balta, Pierce County, North Dakota" at about .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}4810N 10010W / 48.167N 100.167W / 48.167; -100.167, about 24 kilometres (15mi) from Rugby, North Dakota. Changing liability placement changes wealth distribution, which in turn affects demand and prices. The equivalence theorem also is a springboard for Coase's primary achievementproviding the pillars for the New Institutional Economics. The Caribbean trade bloc CARICOM came into agreement in 1973 when it was signed by 15 Caribbean nations. [57] It causes approximately 10% of diabetes mellitus cases in North America and Europe. [151] This was followed by the development of the long-acting insulin NPH in the 1940s.[151]. [69] Canada's mineral resources are diverse and extensive. [10] Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia); Africa's Lagos, Kinshasa, and Cairo; South America's Bogot, Lima, and So Paulo; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category.[11]. As such, it is subject to the extensive work on bargaining games, negotiation, and game theory (specifically a "divide the pie" game under incomplete information). Therefore, Greenland shares some cultural ties with the indigenous peoples of Canada. Britain did not begin settling on the North American mainland until a hundred years after the first Spanish settlements, since it sought first to control nearby Ireland. The word's first part oikos means "house", and the second part nemein means "to manage". [159] It was Thomas Willis who in 1675 added "mellitus" to the word "diabetes" as a designation for the disease, when he noticed the urine of a person with diabetes had a sweet taste (glycosuria). Precipitation patterns vary across the region, and as such rainforest, monsoon, and savanna types can be found, with rains and high temperatures throughout the year. [102] Additionally, despite Greenland's vast resources in oil and minerals, much of them remain untapped, and the island is economically dependent on fishing, tourism, and subsidies from Denmark. The effect of age upon men's fertility is less clear. The first permanent English settlement was in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, and then further settler colonial establishments on the east coast of the continent from is now Georgia up to Massachusetts, forming the Thirteen Colonies. The distinctiveness of French language and culture has been codified in Canadian law, so that both English and French are designated official languages. If a cause of action does not exist, and the damage equals $50 while the wall will cost $100, the wall will not exist. Predation and disease, as well as resource availability, are all examples of density dependent factors. In comparison, based on a world population of 7.8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m2 (10 sq. [162], People with diabetes who have neuropathic symptoms such as numbness or tingling in feet or hands are twice as likely to be unemployed as those without the symptoms. [28] Delayed puberty affects about 2% of adolescents. For example, endometriosis can cause infertility with the growth of endometrial tissue in the Fallopian tubes or around the ovaries. From the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic eras, North America was joined with the other modern-day continents as part of the supercontinent Pangaea, with Eurasia to its east. Coase's main point, clarified in his article 'The Problem of Social Cost,' published in 1960 and cited when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1991, was that transaction costs, however, could not be neglected, and therefore, the initial allocation of property rights often mattered. The corollary to this is that, by definition, failure to conceive in women under 35 is not regarded with the same urgency as it is in those over 35. Others include the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Gulf of California. Examples of human-powered tilling methods using hand tools include shoveling, picking, mattock work, hoeing, and raking.Examples of draft-animal-powered or mechanized work include ploughing (overturning with moldboards or [140] There is no adequate evidence to support effects on cholesterol, blood pressure, behavioral change (such as physical activity levels and dietary), depression, weight and health-related quality of life, nor in other biological, cognitive or emotional outcomes. [15] One of the main challenges in assessing the distress levels in women with infertility is the accuracy of self-report measures. It results in the pears being underproduced, which means too few pear trees are planted. Some cases of diabetes are caused by the body's tissue receptors not responding to insulin (even when insulin levels are normal, which is what separates it from type2 diabetes); this form is very uncommon. Schweizer, Urs (1988). [136], While the United States, Canada, and Mexico maintain the largest populations, large city populations are not restricted to those nations. As a result, one normative conclusion sometimes drawn from the Coase theorem is that liability should initially be assigned to the actors for whom avoiding the costs associated with the externality problem are the lowest. [22] Weight loss surgery in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure in those with type 2 diabetes. How did we indicate nothingness before zero? Once all the property owners except for one have accepted the Coasean solution, the last party is able to demand more compensation from the opposing party in order to part with the property right. In the case of the United Statesand in accordance with the US Census Bureau definitionsthese regions are: New England, Mid-Atlantic, South Atlantic states, East North Central states, West North Central states, East South Central states, West South Central states, Mountain states, and Pacific states. The factors affecting plant density are grouped into two as (a) genetic and (b) environment factors. First, the Coasean maximum-value solution becomes a benchmark by which institutions can be compared. [citation needed], The World Health Organization defines infertility as follows:[10], Infertility is "a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse (and there is no other reason, such as breastfeeding or postpartum amenorrhoea). Economic regions included those formed by trade blocs, such as the North American Trade Agreement bloc and Central American Trade Agreement. [38][39] Although the term does not refer to a unified region,[40] Middle Americanot to be confused with the Midwestern United Statesgroups the regions of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.[41]. [68][69] The type of fats in the diet is also important, with saturated fat and trans fats increasing the risk and polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat decreasing the risk. Diabetes mellitus cases due to a known defect are classified separately. Leaking pollutants and other habitat destruction has destroyed entire ecosystems. However, when the students were trading property (mugs in this case) that were not directly equivalent to cash, proper Coasean bargaining did not occur as depicted in the adjacent diagram. In Britain, male factor infertility accounts for 25% of infertile couples, while 25% remain unexplained. If one of the nutrients is not present in sufficient amounts, this is considered the limiting factor to growth. It has been proven useful in overcoming infertility conditions, such as blocked or damaged tubes, endometriosis, repeated IUI failure, unexplained infertility, poor ovarian reserve, poor or even nil sperm count. [168], Unless otherwise specified, reference is: Table 20-5 in, pain/pins and needles in hands and/or feet, slowly evolving, immune-mediated diabetes of adults, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, "Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes", "Diabetic Gastroparesis: Principles and Current Trends in Management", "Diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairments", "Type 1 diabetes through the life span: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association", "Ambient air pollution and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "Management of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus", "Diabetes Mellitus (DM) - Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders", "Gestational diabetes - Symptoms and causes", "The top 10 causes of death Fact sheet N310", "The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity: a systematic review and economic evaluation", "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010", "Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017", "Deaths and Cost | Data & Statistics | Diabetes | CDC", "When hypoglycemia is not obvious: diagnosing and treating under-recognized and undisclosed hypoglycemia", "Seizures and type 1 diabetes mellitus: current state of knowledge", "GlucagonInjection side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions", "Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies", "2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines", "Underlying Medical Conditions and Severe Illness Among 540,667 Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19, March 2020-March 2021", "Diabetes eye care: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia", "Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes--systematic overview of prospective observational studies", "Diabetes mellitus and risk of falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "Co-aggregation and heritability of organ-specific autoimmunity: a population-based twin study", "A study of diabetes mellitus within a large sample of Australian twins", "Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025", "Classification of Diabetes mellitus 2019", "Diabetes treatment--bridging the divide", "Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Diabetes Mellitus and Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Merck Manual Professional", "Mechanisms of Beta Cell Dysfunction Associated With Viral Infection", "The Role of Gluten in Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes", "Tight junctions, intestinal permeability, and autoimmunity: celiac disease and type 1 diabetes paradigms", "Latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult: current knowledge and uncertainty", "2. 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